Memory management techniques refer to the methods and strategies used by computer systems to efficiently allocate and deallocate memory resources.

In simple terms, it is the process of managing the computer's memory usage to ensure that the system can run smoothly and effectively. One of the key aspects of memory management techniques is the allocation of memory to different processes and applications running on the system.

This involves dividing the available memory into different segments and assigning these segments to different processes as needed.

By effectively managing memory allocation, the system can prevent issues such as memory leaks, where memory is allocated but never released, leading to a depletion of available memory. Another important aspect of memory management techniques is memory fragmentation.

This occurs when the memory is divided into small, non-contiguous blocks, making it difficult for the system to allocate large chunks of memory to processes that require it.

Memory management techniques aim to reduce fragmentation by reorganizing memory blocks and ensuring that memory is allocated in a more efficient manner. Memory management techniques also include strategies for optimizing memory usage, such as swapping data between the RAM and the hard disk to free up memory space when needed.

This helps to prevent the system from running out of memory and crashing due to insufficient resources. Overall, memory management techniques play a crucial role in ensuring the smooth and efficient operation of computer systems.

By effectively managing memory allocation, fragmentation, and usage, these techniques help to improve system performance and prevent issues related to memory exhaustion.